PHYS-895-02/498-02 Selected Topics in Physics and Engineering Physics Short title: Reactor Safety Analysis Department of Physics and
Engineering Physics Winter 2016 _______________________________________ |
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Instructor: |
B. Szpunar,
Ph.D., P. Eng. Office: Physics Rm 207. Phone: 966-6462 Email: b.szpunar@usask.ca |
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Description: |
This
course is focused on multidisciplinary analysis of nuclear reactor safety. It
is recommended for graduate students and senior undergraduate students from
the Departments of Physics and Engineering Physics, Chemistry, Mechanical
Engineering: and Chemical Engineering. This course will benefit students who are
interested in computational materials science or may like to be employed in
nuclear industry. The compact lecture, based on this course content, was
included in Joint UOIT-IAEA Course on Science and Technology of Supercritical
Water-Cooled Reactors , UOIT, 2016, Session VIII: Nuclear Fuels. The results
from 2016 Winter Term were presented as a common paper of all students at 13th
International Conference on CANDU Fuel, Kingston, 2016 August 15-18. The
selected results from 2017 and Winter Terms where presented at 2017 the
International Conference on Composite Material, Polymer Science and
Engineering, June 24-25, 2017, Toyama, Japan and the related paper was
awarded Best Paper Award. The
conventional focus of nuclear reactor safety analysis and training courses
has been predominantly on the reactor physics component but real nuclear
accidents (like in Fukushima) demonstrate that a nuclear mishap should be
viewed using interdisciplinary tools. For example, a nuclear fuel may melt
not only because of enhanced neutron flux but also because its thermal
conductivity degrades when it oxidizes. There are also new efforts on
developing accident tolerant nuclear fuel. We can make reactor safer by using
alternative materials and theirs implication will be studied by research in
laboratory. This course involves research and group simulation
project (done in computer lab) on accident tolerant nuclear fuels. The
specially designed (e.g.: QE_nipy_advanced ), easy to use, tools for engineering student will be provided.
However a new software developments projects will be also an option for
students. The lab will be also used to introduce students to Plato, UofS
supercomputer with its linux environment, scientific libraries, multi-scale
simulations using Quantum Espresso,
an integrated suite of Open-Source computer codes based on density-functional
theory and programming in python (ipython) and MAPLE. Additionally students
are asked to provide analysis on human error factor in nuclear accident and
in 2017 winter term our undergraduate student (Momina Butt) additionally
created the attached video. |
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Required Materials: |
Students are required to bring laptops. |
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Textbook: |
There is no textbook for this
course. |
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Prerequisites: |
Permission of
instructor. |
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Corequisites: |
None |
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Lectures: |
Friday (1:30 pm –
2:20 pm) Phys. Room nr. 129 |
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Laboratory: |
Friday (2:30 pm –
5:30 pm) Phys. Room nr. 129 |
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Website: |
Assignments,
solutions, lab schedules, general course information, and announcements will
be posted on the course website. Students are responsible for following the
information on the course website: http://homepage.usask.ca/~bas627/MultidisciplinaryRS/MultidisciplRSPhys.htm |
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Learning Outcomes: |
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Course Credit: |
3 |
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Enrolment: |
5 |
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Office Hours: |
Monday 2-3 pm. |
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Course Overview: |
Summary: Multidisciplinary
aspect of reactor safety and course structure; The concept of Accident
Tolerant Nuclear Fuel and its relation to laboratory simulation project;
Application of Density Functional Theory in evaluating the thermo-mechanical
properties of various enhanced thermal conductivity materials; Structure of
matter; Radiation; Binding Energies; Nuclear models; Fission; Neutron
transport; Bare reactor; Criticality;
Reactor energy distributions and thermal analysis of fuel element;
Nuclear reactor control; Principal characteristics of power reactors; Review
of major nuclear accidents;
Enhancements in Generation IV nuclear reactors. The concepts presented in the lectures will
be explored via simulation projects using provided software. Software is
written in FORTRAN, MAPLE and IPython and students are required to bring
their own laptops. Class Schedule: Lectures (13 hrs) 1. Introduction (1 hour) ·
Multidisciplinary
aspect of reactor safety and course structure; The concept of Accident
Tolerant Nuclear Fuel and its relation to laboratory simulation project. 2. Application of Density Functional Theory (3 hours)
3. Introduction to Nuclear Physics (2 hours)
4. Fission (1 hour)
5. Introduction to MAPLE and Scientific Fortran
programming (1 hour)
6. Mid-term exam
(1 hour) 7. Fission, Nuclear Reactors and Accidents, (2 hours)
8.
Presentations
by students of the results of projects on various high temperature
conductivity materials and discussions/presentations on human factor in
accidents (2 hours) Simulation – laboratory project (36
hrs): 1. Introduction and setup (3 hours)
i.
Introduction to
Linux and object oriented programming using python/ipython.
ii.
Introduction to
local supercomputers, computational resources and setup.
iii.
Demonstration of
calculations by Quantum Espresso code:Calculations using remote computers
from QE_nipy_advanced web page. 2. Performing calculations for the selected high
temperature material using examples from QE_nipy_advanced web page and
Quantum Espresso code (27 hours)
i.
Geometry
optimization.
ii.
Electronic
structure calculations.
iii.
Phonons.
iv.
Elastic
constants.
v.
Thermal
expansion. 3. Performing calculations of the thermal conductivity
and temperature profile in a composite fuel pellet (6 hours)
i. Provided FORTRAN and MAPLE codes will be used to
perform the final calculations. The
data obtained from Quantum Espresso code in the previous five exercises will
be used as an input.
ii.
Final results
and completed documentations will be stored on the provided storage device. |
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Reading List: |
Recommended
Literature 1) An Introduction to Nuclear Materials: Fundamentals and Applications, by
K. Linga Murty, Indrajit Charit, Publisher: Willey (2013), ISBN:
978-3-527-40767-5, pp. 382. http://ca.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-3527407677,subjectCd-PH20.html 2)
Materials
for Nuclear Plants, From Safe Design to Residual Life Assessments, W.
Hoffelner, 2013, Springer-Verlag, http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4471-2915-8, ISBN: 978-1-4471-2914-1, pp. 478. 3) Atomic
Accidents: A History of Nuclear Meltdowns and Disasters: From the Ozark Mountains
to Fukushima, James Mahaffey, ISBN-13: 978-1605984926 ISBN-10: 1605984922
Edition: 1st, 2014 (Kindle Edition).
4)
Nuclear
Engineering Fundamentals, a Practical Perspective, Robert E. Masterson, CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN-13-978-1-4822-2149-7, 2017, pp. 961. 5)
Fundamentals
of Nuclear Engineering, Brent J. Lewis, E. Nihan Onder, Andrew A. Prudil,
Wiley, ISBN: 978-1-119-27149-9: http://ca.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1119271495.html , Canadian
Distributor: lghosalkar@wiley.com, 2017, pp.984. 6)
Reactor Safety Design and Safety
Analysis,
V.G. Snell, UNENE (University Network of
Excellence in Nuclear Engineering), 2015,'The Essential CANDU' textbook. 7) Nuclear energy:
Radical Reactors, M. Mitchell Waldrop, Nature, 492 (2012) 26–29
a. doi:10.1038/492026a
: http://www.nature.com/news/nuclear-energy-radical-reactors-1.11957
8)
For basics references see e.g.:
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern
Physics, 9th Edition, Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett, ISBN-10:
1133954057, 2014, BROOKS/COLE, CENGAGE Learning, Part 6 and Solid State Physics, J. R.
Hook, H. E. Hall, 2nd Edition, ISBN: 978-0-471-92805-8, 1995, John
Willey & Sons Ltd..; Thermal
Energy at the Nanoscale, T.S. Fisher, ISBN 978-9814449786, 2014, World
Scientific, First chapter: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/suppl/10.1142/8716/suppl_file/8716_chap01.pdf
other useful, educational links:
http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/mineralogy/mineral_physics/tensors.html#Elasticity
http://eng.libretexts.org/Core/Materials_Science/Electronic_Properties
New reference about Density Functional
Theory: Fundamentals of Condensed Matter Physics, M.L. Cohen, S.G.
Louie, June, 2016, Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 9780521513319, pp. 446. 9) Computational
Materials Science, an Introduction, June Gunn Lee, 2nd Edition,
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, ISBN -13-978-1-4987-4973-3, 2017,
pp. 351.
10) An
Introduction to Nuclear Physics, 2nd Edition, By W. N. Cottingham,
University of Bristol, Publisher: Cambridge University Press (2001), pp. 271,
Book DOI:
a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139164405
b.
http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139164405.
11) Introduction
to Nuclear Engineering, J. R. Lamarsh, A. J. Baratta, Prentice Hall, Inc.,
2001, 3rd Edition, pp. 783.
12)
Nuclear Engineering:
Theory and Technology of Commercial Nuclear Power, R.A. Knief, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 1992, 2nd
Edition, ISBN: 9781560320890, pp. 770. 13)
Nuclear
Heat Transport, M. M. El-Wakil, American Nuclear Society, Illinois, 1993, pp.
502. 14)
Nuclear
Systems Volume I: Thermal Hydraulic Fundamentals, N.E. Todreas, M. Kazimi, CRC Press, Taylor
& Francis, 2012,
ISBN 978-1439808870, 2nd Edition, pp. 1004. 15)
Nuclear
Principles in Engineering, T. Jevremovic, ISBN: 978-0-387-85607-0, 2009,
pp. 546. 16) Physics of Nuclear Radiation: Concepts, Techniques
and Applications, C. Rangacharyulu, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 2013, 1st
Edition, ISBN 1439857776, pp. 369.
17) Chapter 1. Introduction to Nuclear Physics
(PDF) - MIT
18)
Chapter 7, Radioactive decay (PDF) - MIT 19) Fundamentals
of Nuclear Power, Energy Center – SUFG, 2012 http://www.purdue.edu/discoverypark/energy/assets/pdfs/SUFG/publications/SUFG%20nuclear%20report.pdf 20) Overview of
Nuclear Reactor Systems and Fundamentals a. http://www.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/3527412018_c01.pdf 21) Nuclear
Reactors, Edited by Amir Zacarias Mesquita, ISBN 978-953-51-0018-8, 350
pages, Publisher: InTech,, 2012, http://www.intechopen.com/books/nuclear-reactors
22) Nuclear
Energy in the 21st Century: World Nuclear University Primer Paperback – July
1, 2012, by Ian Hore-Lacy, ISBN-13: 978-0955078453 ISBN-10: 0955078458, 3rd
Edition.
a. http://www.amazon.com/Nuclear-Energy-21st-Century-University/dp/0955078458 23)
CANTECH
publication library a. (https://canteach.candu.org/Content%20Library/Forms/AllItems.aspx). b. Reactor
Physics: https://canteach.candu.org/Content%20Library/20030101.pdf c.
Safety and
Licensing Philosophy and Experience at Ontario Hydro Nuclear Generating
Stations:: https://canteach.candu.org/Content%20Library/19860101.pdf d.
Chernobyl – A Canadian Perspective:
https://canteach.candu.org/Content%20Library/19910101.pdf e. Why a
Chernobyl-type accident cannot happen in CANDU reactors: https://canteach.candu.org/Content%20Library/20010701.pdf f. Materials:
https://canteach.candu.org/Content%20Library/20030301.pdf 24) Nuclear
“Near Misses” at U.S. Reactors Since 1986 a. http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/report/2007/9/an-american-chernobyl-nuclear.pdf 25) Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster, 26) Nuclear and radiation accidents: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents 27) MIT Open
Courseware: 28) http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-091-nuclear-reactor-safety-spring-2008/index.htm 29) R.A. Causey,
D.F. Cowgill, and B.H. Nilson, Review of the Oxidation Ratio of Zirconium
Alloys SAND2005-6006 (2005). 31) Szpunar B., The 1st Annual International
Conference on Physics & Chemistry, 22-25 July 2013, Athens, Greece,
ATINER’S Conference Paper Series, No: PHY2013-0527, ISSN 2241-2891, http://www.atiner.gr/papers/PHY2013-0527.pdf , Multidisciplinary
Reactor Safety Studies: Application of First Principles Calculation. 32) Quantum Espresso with ipython interface for
engineering students. 33) Lewis B. J.,
Szpunar B. and F. C. Iglesias, J. Nuclear. Matter., 306, 2002, 30-43, Fuel
Oxidation and Thermal Conductivity Model for Operating Defective Fuel Rods. 34) Szpunar B.,
Lewis B. J., Arimescu V. I., Dickson R. S. and Dickson L. W., J. Nuclear.
Matter., 294, 2001, 315-329, Three-Component Gas Mixture Transport in
Defective CANDU Fuel Rods. Other
links Dissertations
and Theses on MD (LAMMPS): a. Ravi Kiran Siripurapu, MSc: Mech. Eng., USask 2013, Molecular
Dynamics Simulation of Zirconium Hydrides. b. Oladimeji, Dotun, MSc, Phys. & Eng. Phys, USask, 2017, Thermal
Conductivity of Nuclear Fuel and its Degradation by Physical and Chemical
Burnup. c. Rahman Jahidur, M.A.Sc.: Dept.
Mat. Sci. & Eng., McMaster, 2009, ATOMISTIC
SIMULATIONS FOR COMPUTING SOLID LIQUID INTERFACE d. Rahman Jahidur, PhD.: Dept.
Mat. Sci. & Eng., McMaster, 2014, Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of
low angle grain boundary (LAGB) mobility in pure Al and Al-Mg alloys. e.
Jossou, Ericmoore
Elijah: PhD: Mech. Eng., USask,
2019, ATOMIC SCALE
SIMULATION OF ACCIDENT TOLERANT FUEL MATERIALS FOR FUTURE NUCLEAR REACTORS f.
Malakkal, Linu: PhD: Mech. Eng., USask,
2020, ATOMISTIC AND
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURAL AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
THE ACCIDENT TOLERANT FUEL MATERIALS g. Ranasinghe, Jayangani I, PhD,,
Phys. & Eng. Phys, USask, 2022, COMPREHENSIVE
INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED URANIUM COMPOUNDS WITH APPLICATION FOR CLEAN ENERGY Handbook of
Generation IV Nuclear Reactors, I. Pioro, (2016), Elsevier, ISBN:
9780081001493. pp. 940. http://www.nuclearfaq.ca/cnf_sectionJ.htm https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html Chart
of the nuclides provided by
Dr. Jason Donev |
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Evaluation Components: |
Assignments: 1)
Nuclear
Materials Properties (10%). This assignment will
include examples on evaluating properties of materials. It will be a
preparation for a mid-term exam that will have similar questions. 2)
Nuclear
Physics Basics (10%). This assignment will include many
simple nuclear basics problems. It will be a preparation for a mid-term exam
that will have similar questions. Essay (5%): Review
“Atomic Accidents: A History of Nuclear Meltdowns and Disasters: From the
Ozark Mountains to Fukushima, ISBN-13: 978-1605984926 ISBN-10: 1605984922
Edition: 1st, 2014 (Kindle Edition) by James Mahaffey” and write
summary/essay about human error in each accident. Exam (20%): Open
book/notes midterm exam. There will be
mixture of problems and questions for the midterm exam. The problems will be
similar to the used in the assignments 1 and 3, therefore both undergraduate
and graduate students will have the same version of exam. Simulation Project (55%): 1)
Instructor will select a compound for each student for the project.
Students will be performing calculations for the selected material using
provided interface to Quantum Espresso (QE) code and examples written in
ipython. The following investigations should be completed within 30 hours of
laboratory time. a.
Geometry optimization. b.
Electronic structure calculations. c.
Phonons. d.
Elastic constants. e.
Thermal expansion. The results of each
completed calculations should be stored in a Summary on QE calculations that
would include tables in EXCEL format and plots. The used ipython script and
the directories with the final calculations should be stored in the allocated
space. 2)
In 9 hours of laboratory time the results from QE will be used as an
input to the provided Fortran code for the calculation of the thermal
conductivity of the compound. Next the thermal conductivity data will be used
in the provided MAPLE code for the investigation of behavior of nuclear
reactor. 3)
All findings (including Summary on QE calculation, stored data) will
be described in details in the Final Report, which will be used for marking
the project. |
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Important Dates: |
Date: 3.2.17 Assignment 1 due Date:
17.2.17 Assignment 2 due Date:
10.3.17 Midterm Exam Date:
24.3.17 QE project technical summary
due Date:
31.3.17 Essay and presentation due Date:
31.3.17 Final Report due |
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Late Assignments |
Note: Marks for a late assignment will be reduced by 20% per day. |
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Grading Scheme: |
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Final Grades: |
The
final grades will be consistent with the “literal descriptors” specified in
the university’s grading system. http://students.usask.ca/current/academics/grades/grading-system.php For information regarding
appeals of final grades or other academic matters, please consult the
University Council document on academic appeals. http://www.usask.ca/university_secretary/honesty/StudentAcademicAppeals.pdf |
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Integrity: |
Integrity Defined (from the
Office of the University Secretary)
The University of
Saskatchewan is committed to the highest standards of academic integrity and
honesty. Students are expected to be familiar with these standards
regarding academic honesty and to uphold the policies of the University in
this respect. Students are particularly urged to familiarize themselves
with the provisions of the Student Conduct & Appeals section of the
University Secretary Website and avoid any behavior that could potentially
result in suspicions of cheating, plagiarism, misrepresentation of facts
and/or participation in an offence. Academic dishonesty is a serious
offence and can result in suspension or expulsion from the University. All students should read
and be familiar with the Regulations on Academic Student Misconduct (http://www.usask.ca/secretariat/student-conduct-appeals/StudentAcademicMisconduct.pdf) as well as the Standard of Student Conduct in
Non-Academic Matters and Procedures for Resolution of Complaints and Appeals
(http://www.usask.ca/secretariat/student-conduct-appeals/StudentNon-AcademicMisconduct.pdf) For more information on
what academic integrity means for students see the Student Conduct &
Appeals section of the University Secretary Website at: http://www.usask.ca/secretariat/student-conduct-appeals/forms/IntegrityDefined.pdf |
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DSS: |
Examinations
with Disability Services for Students (DSS)
Students
who have disabilities (learning, medical, physical, or mental health) are
strongly encouraged to register with Disability Services for Students (DSS)
if they have not already done so. Students who suspect they may have
disabilities should contact DSS for advice and referrals. In order to access
DSS programs and supports, students must follow DSS policy and procedures.
For more information, check
http://students.usask.ca/health/centres/disability-services-for-students.php,
or contact DSS at 966-7273 or dss@usask.ca. Students
registered with DSS may request alternative arrangements for mid-term and
final examinations. Students must arrange such accommodations through DSS by
the stated deadlines. Instructors shall provide the examinations for students
who are being accommodated by the deadlines established by DSS. |
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